Study Details

Citation

Cole, R., Schulte Neelan, T., Langan, A., Keating, B., Walzer, J., Asheer, S., Zief, S. (2022). The impact of the Making Proud Choices! teen pregnancy prevention curriculum. Office of Population Affairs, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Program or Component Study?
Program
Program or Component Name

Making Proud Choices!

Show Evidence of Effectiveness
Yes
Study Rating and Explanation
High —

This study received a high study quality rating because it is a low-attrition randomized controlled trial with no known issues that would suggest the findings cannot be attributed to the program

Program Information

Program Type
Sexual health education
Program Length
More than 20 sessions

Evaluation Setting

Evaluation Setting
In school, classroom based

Study Sample

Average Age Group
14 to 17
Majority Racial/Ethnic Group
African American or Black
Gender
Youth of any gender

Research Design

Assignment Method
Cluster randomized controlled trial
Sample Size

2810

Number of Follow-Ups

1

Length of Last Follow-Up

Approximately six months after programming ended. Approximately nine months after baseline, on average.

Year of Last Data Collection
2019

Study Findings

Result Number Partners
Indeterminate evidence
Result Sexual Activity
Potentially favorable evidence
Result Contraceptive
Indeterminate evidence
Result STI or HIV
Indeterminate evidence
Result Pregnancy
Indeterminate evidence
Reviewed Studies
High-Quality Randomized Trial
Protocol Version
Version 6.0
Details

The program was evaluated using a cluster randomized controlled trial involving male and female youth recruited from 15 high schools in Mobile, Alabama; Detroit, Michigan; St. Louis, Missouri; and Cincinnati, Ohio. Schools were randomly assigned in each of three years to a treatment group that received the Making Proud Choices! Program or a control group that received business-as-usual services. Surveys were administered immediately before the program (baseline), and six months after the end of the program.



The study found that six months after the end of the program, youth participating in MPC reported having had sex significantly fewer times in the past three months compared with youth in the control group (effect size = -0.10). The study found no statistically significant program impacts on the other eligible outcomes examined: ever had sex, any sex in the past three months, count of vaginal sex partners in past three months, any sex without a condom in past three months, times having any sex without a condom in past three months, sex without birth control in past three months, times having sex without birth control in past three months, ever pregnant, any STI.



The study also examined program impacts on measures of knowledge of HIV or STIs, pregnancy, condoms, and other forms of contraception; beliefs about sexual activity as a teen, communication with partners, and condom use; attitudes about condom use; skill and self-efficacy related to condom use, condom use negotiation, and refusal. Findings for these outcomes were not considered for the review because they fell outside the scope of the review.

Effect Sizes
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significant","RepEffectMeet":"No"},"42": {"ProgramName":"Making Proud Choices","StudyID":"PPRER0S22038","ManuscriptID":"PPRER0S22038","Rating":"High","OutcomeName":"Times having any sex in past three months","OutcomeDomain":"Sexual Activity","OutcomeDichotomous":"No","SampleType":"Subgroup--women","FUTimingMonths":"6","FUReference":"End of program","MeanTreat":"2.21","MeanComp":"2.73","TpperES":"-0.053","StatSigRepEffect":"No","RepEffectFavorable":"Not significant","RepEffectMeet":"No"},"43": {"ProgramName":"Making Proud Choices","StudyID":"PPRER0S22038","ManuscriptID":"PPRER0S22038","Rating":"High","OutcomeName":"Times having any sex in past three months","OutcomeDomain":"Sexual Activity","OutcomeDichotomous":"No","SampleType":"Subgroup--other","FUTimingMonths":"6","FUReference":"End of program","MeanTreat":"0.62","MeanComp":"0.81","TpperES":"-0.038","StatSigRepEffect":"No","RepEffectFavorable":"Not significant","RepEffectMeet":"No"},"44": {"ProgramName":"Making Proud 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NA = Not available. This means the authors did not report the information in the manuscripts associated with the studies we reviewed.

a This information was not available whenever authors did not report information for the treatment and comparison groups separately on outcome means, standard deviations, and/or sample sizes.

b Authors reported that the program effect (impact) estimate is statistically significant with a p-value of less than 0.05 based on a two-tailed test.

c For some outcomes, having less of that outcome is favorable. In those cases, an effect with a negative sign is favorable to the treatment group (that is, the treatment group had a more favorable outcome than the comparison group, on average).

d An effect shows credibly estimated, statistically significant evidence whenever it has a p-value of less than 0.05 based on a two-tailed test, includes the appropriate adjustment for clustering (if applicable), and it is not based on an endogenous subgroup.