Study Details

Citation

Koniak-Griffin, D., Lesser, J., Nyamathi, A., Uman, G., Stein, J. A., Cumberland, W. G. (2003). Project CHARM: An HIV prevention program for adolescent mothers. Family and Community Health, 26, 94-107.

Program Name

Be Proud! Be Responsible! Be Protective!

Show Evidence of Effectiveness
Yes
Study Rating and Explanation
High —

Random assignment study that met all criteria for a high rating; findings show a positive, statistically significant impact for at least one behavioral outcome

Program Information

Program Type
Sexual health education
Program Length
Fewer than 10 sessions

Evaluation Setting

Evaluation Setting
In school: High school

Study Sample

Average Age Group
14 to 17
Majority Racial/Ethnic Group
Hispanic or Latinx of any race
Gender
Young women

Research Design

Assignment Method
Cluster randomized controlled trial
Sample Size

497

Number of Follow-Ups

4

Length of Last Follow-Up

12

Year of Last Data Collection
1999

Study Findings

Result Number Partners
Potentially favorable evidence
Result Contraceptive
Indeterminate evidence
Reviewed Studies
High-Quality Randomized Trial
Protocol Version
Version 1.0
Effect Sizes
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NA = Not available. This means the authors did not report the information in the manuscripts associated with the studies we reviewed.

a This information was not available whenever authors did not report information for the treatment and comparison groups separately on outcome means, standard deviations, and/or sample sizes.

b Authors reported that the program effect (impact) estimate is statistically significant with a p-value of less than 0.05 based on a two-tailed test.

c For some outcomes, having less of that outcome is favorable. In those cases, an effect with a negative sign is favorable to the treatment group (that is, the treatment group had a more favorable outcome than the comparison group, on average).

d An effect shows credibly estimated, statistically significant evidence whenever it has a p-value of less than 0.05 based on a two-tailed test, includes the appropriate adjustment for clustering (if applicable), and it is not based on an endogenous subgroup.

Details

The program was evaluated in a cluster randomized controlled trial involving four schools in Los Angeles County. The participating schools were randomly assigned to either a treatment group that implemented the intervention or a control group that implemented a general health promotion program, for a period of one year. Assignment status switched the following year. Study surveys were administered immediately before the intervention; immediately after the intervention ended; and three, six, and twelve months after the intervention ended.

Twelve months after the intervention, adolescents in the schools implementing the intervention reported having fewer sexual partners in the previous three months. The study found no statistically significant program impacts on the number of unprotected sexual episodes at the time of the 12-month follow-up. Program impacts at the shorter-term three and six month follow-up surveys were not statistically significant.

The study also examined program impacts on measures of AIDS knowledge, intentions to use condoms, self-efficacy, attitudes, maternal protectiveness, and social desirability. Findings for these outcomes were not considered for the review because the outcomes fell outside the scope of the review.