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Child Trauma and its Effects: Implications for Police
This article describes child trauma and the negative impact it can have on development, and the implications this has for police, especially for those working in poor communities of color. The article also suggests police be trained on the high prevalence of severe childhood trauma in such communities, its effects on the developing child, and its impact on adolescent and adult functioning to increase their capacity to address this major public mental health issue.
OJJDP’s Model Programs Guide Adds Three Literature Reviews
OJJDP's Model Programs Guide, an online resource of evidence-based juvenile justice and youth prevention, intervention, and reentry programs, added three new literature reviews that address:
- Alcohol and Drug Prevention Treatment/Therapy
- Implementation Science
- Status Offenders
OJJDP Bulletin: Deterrence Among High-Risk Adolescents
OJJDP released “Studying Deterrence Among High-Risk Adolescents,” (PDF, 16 pages) the latest bulletin in the Pathways to Desistance series. This bulletin examines the link between perceptions of the threat of sanctions and deterrence from crime among high-risk adolescents. The authors’ findings show that severe punishment, such as correctional placement or a longer stay in correctional placement, does not meaningfully reduce juvenile offending or arrests among these youth.
Community-Based Responses to Justice-Involved Young Adults
This bulletin proposes new institutional methods and processes for young adult justice. The authors’ primary recommendation is that the age of juvenile court jurisdiction be raised to 21, with additional, gradually-diminishing protections for young adults up to age 24 or 25.
OJJDP Releases Research on Youth's Mental Health Needs and Long-Term Outcomes after Detention
OJJDP released four research bulletins based on findings from the Northwestern Juvenile Project, which investigates the mental health needs and long-term outcomes of juvenile detainees:
- Detained Youth Processed in Juvenile and Adult Court: Psychiatric Disorders and Mental Health Needs (PDF, 16 pages)
- Perceived Barriers to Mental Health Services Among Detained Youth (PDF, 12 pages)
- Psychiatric Disorders in Youth After Detention (PDF, 20 pages)
- Violent Death in Delinquent Youth After Detention (PDF, 14 pages)
Report: Mentoring in Juvenile Treatment Drug Courts
This report provides an overview of a project in which NCJFCJ visited OJJDP-funded mentoring programs at 10 juvenile treatment drug court sites and conducted a focus group to discuss youth’s strengths and challenges.
Report: Juvenile Court Statistics
This report draws on data from the National Juvenile Court Data Archive to describe delinquency cases handled between 1985 and 2013 and petitioned status offense cases handled between 1995 and 2013 by United States courts with juvenile jurisdiction.
Report: Surviving the Streets of New York: Experiences of LGBTQ Youth, YMSM, and YWSW Engaged in Survival Sex
The Urban Institute released a report (PDF, 94 pages), supported by OJJDP, on involvement in the juvenile justice, criminal justice, and child welfare systems and youth engaging in survival sex who self-identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning (LGBTQ); young men who have sex with men (YMSM); and young women who have sex with woman (YWSW). The report offers practice and policy recommendations to repurpose law enforcement-based responses to youth engaged in survival sex and services to meet their needs without system involvement.
Resource: Statistical Briefing Book
OJJDP updated the Statistical Briefing Book to include data resources from the 2013 Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement.
Policy Guidance: Girls and the Juvenile Justice System
This policy guidance outlines OJJDP’s commitment to addressing the needs of system-involved girls and young women of color through technical assistance, grants, research, and data collection. It also includes eight focus areas for states, tribes, and local communities to improve system and programmatic responses.
Archived Webinar: Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice
This archived webinar presents a briefing on the release of a consensus report on the state of the science on the: 1) biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization, and 2) risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences. The report will discuss the next steps needed in the intervention and prevention of bullying to help inform policy, practice, and future research on promising approaches to reduce peer victimization, particularly for the most at-risk populations.
Resource: National Resource Center on School-Justice Partnerships Website
This website serves as a “one-stop-shop” of resources, training, and technical assistance to help school-justice partnerships implement positive school discipline reforms and reduce the school-to-juvenile justice pathway.
Report: Juveniles in Residential Placement, 2013
This report (PDF, 16 pages) presents information from the 2013 Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement, a biennial survey of public and private juvenile residential facilities. The data provide a detailed picture of youth in residential placement, including their age, gender, race, offenses, and adjudication status.
Resource: OJJDP Updates Juvenile Homicide Data to Statistical Briefing Book
This resource now includes updated FAQs describing juvenile homicide victims and juvenile homicide offenders, among other updates to existing resources on juvenile justice.
Report: Impact of Domestic Violence Policies and Practices on Girls and Young Women
This summary report (PDF, 19 pages) by OJJDP’s National Girls Initiative explains the issues discussed during a roundtable event with advocates from the violence against women and juvenile justice reform for girls communities. The report describes a set of principles identified by participants; research gaps; and promising future federal, state, and local directions to ensure girls and young women are not criminalized for behaviors due to experiences of trauma, and can access services and supports.
Resource: Data Snapshot on Youth Residential Facilities
This resource (PDF, 1 page) uses data from OJJDP’s 2014 Juvenile Residential Facility Census to illustrate changes in facility populations, characteristics, and practices.
Resource: Tribal Access to Justice Innovation
This website helps tribal justice practitioners learn about emerging and promising justice-related programs in Indian Country. Visitors can learn what tribes are doing to address issues in their communities, access tribal program information, and collaborate and connect with tribal justice practitioners.
Report: Co-Offending Among Adolescents in Violence Victimizations, 2004-13
This report presents estimates of nonfatal violence victimizations committed by adolescents during 2004-13 and compares the characteristics of victimizations committed by adolescents acting alone and with other young people. The data show adolescent offenders committed 22% of all violent victimizations during this period, and more violent victimizations were committed by adolescents who acted alone than those who acted with co-offenders.
Resource: Remedial Coursetaking at U.S. Public 2- and 4-Year Institutions
This report provides an analysis of beginning postsecondary students’ coursetaking between 2003 and 2009, documenting the scope, intensity, timing, and completion of remedial coursetaking and its association with various postsecondary outcomes.
Report: Developmentally Appropriate Criminal Justice Responses to Justice-Involved Young Adults
This report (PDF, 87 pages) presents findings of an environmental scan that identified programs addressing the developmental needs of young adults involved in the criminal justice system. It also discusses legislation with provisions sensitive to the developmental level and maturation of justice-involved young adults.
Report: Judicially-Led Responses to Eliminate School Pathways to the Juvenile Justice System
This report describes the findings from an evaluation of a judicially-led collaborative model to reduce referrals of youth to juvenile courts for school-based behaviors and disciplinary infractions.
Report: Defend Children: A Blueprint for Effective Juvenile Defender Services
This report (PDF, 60 pages) addresses the lack of access to qualified defense counsel for youth throughout the juvenile justice process. Developed by the National Juvenile Defender Center, the report provides recommendations to ensure youth have access to effective juvenile defense, illustrates racial and ethnic disparities in juvenile court, and highlights successful programs and practices that are improving youth access to counsel.
Resource: OJJDP Policy: Monitoring of State Compliance with the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
This revised policy informs states about what they must submit to demonstrate compliance with the four core requirements of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, and to receive Formula Grant awards administered by OJJDP. States can use this information when applying for funding from OJJDP or submitting compliance monitoring information and data.
Resource: Juvenile Drug Treatment Court Guidelines
This resource (PDF, 60 pages) describes research-based guidelines for juvenile drug treatment courts that serve youth with substance use disorders who come into contact with the juvenile justice system. Juvenile drug treatment court staff can use these guidelines to inform their practice as they strive to improve outcomes for these youth.
Resource: Child Labor Trafficking
This literature review (PDF, 13 pages) provides an overview of child labor trafficking, including estimates of rates of trafficking, characteristics of survivors, anti-trafficking legislation, theoretical perspectives, and outcome evidence on prevention, prosecution, and treatment approaches. Released as part of OJJDP’s Model Programs Guide, this review can help policymakers and social service agencies as they respond to child labor trafficking issues and the needs of survivors.