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Children in Foster Care with Parents in Federal Prison: A Toolkit for Child Welfare Agencies, Federal Prisons, and Residential Reentry Centers
Roughly 10% of incarcerated mothers in state prison have a child in a foster home or other state care. Some estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 8 children who are subjects of reports of maltreatment and investigated by child welfare agencies have parents who were recently arrested. Though there is clearly overlap between the prison system and the child welfare system, it is often difficult for prison officials to know how to help incarcerated parents stay in touch with their children in foster care and work towards reunification. Similarly, it is difficult for child welfare agencies to know how to engage parents in prison. The purpose of this toolkit is to help facilitate communication and cooperation between child welfare agencies and federal prisons so that parents can stay engaged in their children's lives.
Children of Incarcerated Parents – Fact Sheet
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 2007, an estimated 1.7 million children under the age of 18 had a parent in prison, an increase of almost 80 percent since 1991. The negative consequences for children with an incarcerated parent can be substantial, including financial instability, changes in family structure, shame, and social stigma. However, research also shows that supporting healthy and positive relationships between these vulnerable children, who are the innocent bystanders of adult decisions, and their families has the potential to mitigate negative outcomes.
An interagency group, that includes the Departments of Justice, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Education, and Agriculture as well as the Social Security Administration, has partnered with stakeholders both inside and outside of government to identify opportunities to support these children and their caregivers. This fact sheet describes the efforts of the interagency group.
National Center for Homeless Education
NCHE is the U.S. Department of Education's technical assistance and information center in the area of homeless education.
Brief: Supporting School Success for Homeless Children of Veterans and Military Service Members
This brief (PDF, 10 pages) provides educators and service providers with information about the educational rights of — and supports available to — children and youth experiencing homelessness. The brief also provides an overview of federal programs that target services specifically to the families of veterans with school-age children.
Resource: Financial Aid for Unaccompanied Homeless Youth
This letter (PDF, 2 pages) highlights new policy changes that will remove barriers homeless youth face when accessing financial aid for college. ED plans to change the 2017-18 Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FASFA) to be more supportive of homeless students and will remove the definition of “youth” to allow for a smoother process for 22 and 23 year old students to determine their independent status.
Resource: Homeless Children and Youth
This guidance (PDF, 51 pages) provides information to states and school districts on the new provisions in the Every Student Succeeds Act for supporting homeless youth.
Resources: End Youth Homelessness
This website provides resources and information related to HUD programs, including newly added partnership-building resources for communities in their efforts to end youth homelessness. This blog post from the National Clearinghouse on Families & Youth highlights some of the resources that are useful for advocates and service providers.
Resource: Ending Youth Homelessness
This guidebook series helps Continuum of Care stakeholders and practitioners engage partners in efforts to prevent and end youth homelessness. The series includes three guidebooks, including System Planning, Mainstream System Collaboration, and Promising Program Models.
Report: 2016 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress, Part I
This report (PDF, 98 pages) provides point-in time estimates of both sheltered and unsheltered homelessness on a single night, as well as estimates of the number of people experiencing homelessness within particular populations and demographics. The report shows that 549,928 people experienced homelessness on a single night in 2016, a decline of 14% since 2010.
Report: Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness: 2016 Annual Homeless Assessment Report
This annual report (PDF, 96 pages) provides a snapshot of homelessness, both sheltered and unsheltered, on a single night in late January in the U.S., including estimates for particular populations such as youth. The data show 35,686 unaccompanied homeless youth were counted. Eighty nine percent were between the ages of 18 and 24, and 11% were under the age of 18. There were 9,800 parenting young adults between 18 and 24 years of age, and 92 parents under the age of 18.
Resource: Criteria and Benchmarks for Achieving the Goal of Ending Youth Homelessness
This resource provides specific criteria and benchmarks for ending unaccompanied youth homelessness. Communities can use this resource to reduce the number of unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness and build lasting solutions to respond to future needs.
Resources: Ending Youth Homelessness
These resources provide information and tools on topics related to ending youth homelessness:
- Coordinated Entry for Youth Brief — Provides an overview of the four core elements of coordinated entry for youth: access, assessment, prioritization, and referral.
- Engaging Youth in Decision Making — Provides guidance on how to engage youth in project development and governance.
- Using a Housing First Philosophy When Serving Youth — Provides an overview of housing first philosophy and how it applies to youth-serving projects.
- Rapid Re-Housing for Youth — Provides a suite of tools and products on rapid re-housing for youth, including a Jump Start Tool, set of frequently asked questions, and a checklist.
Resource: Data on Homeless Students
This data file includes information for all school districts that reported homeless students in the U.S. during school year 2015-16. Researchers, school district personnel, and organizations serving homeless youth can use this information in their efforts to better understand and/or serve this population.
A Climate for Academic Success: How School Climate Distinguishes Schools That Are Beating the Achievement Odds
This report, published by WestEd and funded by the Department of Education, describes a study that analyzed data from more than 1,700 public schools in California. The study found that schools that “beat the odds,” meaning their students performed better on standardized tests than predicted on the basis of student demographics, had more positive school climates, thus adding to the growing body of evidence that suggests a relationship between school climate and academic success.
Archived Webinar: School Climate Webinar Series: Enhancing Peer-to-Peer Relationships to Strengthen School Climate
The Safe and Supportive Schools Technical Assistance Center, supported by the Department of Education’s Office of Safe and Healthy Students, delves into the importance of fostering healthy student-to-student relationships in the webinar, “Enhancing Peer to Peer Relationships to Strengthen School Climate.” This resource is meant to help administrators, teachers, support staff and student support personnel in creating a nurturing learning environment.
Indicators of School Crime and Safety, 2013
This annual report provides current statistics on crime in schools. The report covers 22 indicators of school crime from several sources. Topics include victimization at school, teacher injury, bullying and cyberbullying, school conditions, fights, weapons, availability and student use of drugs and alcohol, and student perceptions of personal safety at school.
Materials from the National Leadership Summit on School Discipline and Climate
The National Leadership Summit on School Discipline and Climate provided an opportunity for state and local teams of educators, judicial and court staff, child welfare stakeholders, law enforcement personnel, community members, and youth to share best practices, deepen partnerships, and develop concrete steps to advance school discipline and juvenile justice reform in their communities. Materials from this Summit — including presentations, resources, worksheets, and state and local data — are available online.
School Climate and Discipline Guidance Package
The Departments of Education and Justice created a guidance package to help schools, districts, and states understand the issue of discriminatory school discipline and the role they play in improving school climate and administering student discipline without discriminating on the basis of race, color, or national origin.
Supportive School Discipline Initiative
This brief describes the work of the Supportive School Discipline Initiative (PDF, 2 pages) and features links to online research, data collection, funding, and related resources, including the school discipline guidance package.
Suspension and Expulsion Patterns in Six Oregon School Districts
This report, produced by Regional Educational Laboratory Northwest, provides information about the use of exclusionary discipline in six selected urban districts in Oregon during the 2011-2012 school year. The report identifies the frequency and reasons for the discipline, the percentages of students receiving multiple suspensions, and the number of school days lost due to suspensions. The report also examines the application of exclusionary discipline at different grade levels and by student gender, race/ethnicity, and special education status.
Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2014
The 17th in a series of annual publications, ”Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2014” presents the most recent data available on school crime and student safety. The indicators in this report are based on information drawn from a variety of data sources, including national surveys of students, teachers, principals, and postsecondary institutions. This report covers topics such as victimization, teacher injury, bullying and cyber-bullying, school conditions, fights, weapons, availability, student use of drugs and alcohol, student perceptions of personal safety at school, and criminal incidents at postsecondary institutions.
Educators Gather at the White House to Rethink School Discipline
Teams of superintendents, principals, and teachers from across the country gathered on July 22, 2015, for "Rethink Discipline," a daylong conference at the White House on creating positive school climates and implementing effective discipline practices. As part of the conference, new resources and initiatives were announced to assist school leaders in their efforts to reduce suspensions and expulsions, and provide school environments that are safe, supportive, and conducive to teaching and learning.
Sweating the Small Stuff is Key to Improving School Climate and Discipline
Written by a principal at a school in New York City, this blog post describes how “sweating the small stuff” can lead to a positive school culture that allows students, faculty, staff, and families to feel supported and successful.
Guide: Addressing the Root Causes of Disparities in School Discipline
This guide provides schools and school districts with the tools to assess and systematically address disparities in school discipline. It describes how to carry out a descriptive analysis of disparities in school discipline and how to conduct a root cause analysis to systematically address school-based factors that contribute to disparities.
Resource: Build a Safe Environment
This information helps teachers and school administrators build a classroom and school environment where all students feel safe and bullying is not acceptable.