Teen Options to Prevent Pregnancy (T.O.P.P.)
The program was designed for and evaluated through home- and telephone-based care coordination delivered by trained nurses in Ohio.
Robyn Lutz
Project director
Phone: 614-566-9085
Email: Robyn.Lutz@ohiohealth.com
The T.O.P.P. Tool Kit is available through the developer.
Last updated in 2023
The data presented on this page reflects responses from the program’s developer or distributor to a program component checklist that asked them to report on the individual components within their TPP program. The same program component checklist was sent to the developer or distributor of every active TPP program with evidence of effectiveness. The program component table provides data on seven types of program components including content, delivery mechanism, dosage, staffing, format, environment, and intended population characteristics; whether the component was present or optional in the program; whether the component is considered to be core to the program; and the lesson number or activity where the component can be found in the program. For more details, refer to the FAQ.
Category | Component | Core Component | Component present | Notes | Lesson number(s) / activities where present |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content | Contraception - Condoms | Yes | Yes (both versions) | ||
Content | Anatomy/physiology | No | No | ||
Content | Other | ||||
Content | Other | Yes | Yes (both versions) | Edinburgh Perinatal and Postnatal Depression Scale | During the first postpartum visit either in person or per phone. |
Content | Other | No | Optional | ||
Content | Volunteering/civic engagement | No | No | ||
Content | Spirituality | No | No | ||
Content | Morals/values | No | No | ||
Content | Identity development | No | No | ||
Content | Social support/capital | No | No | ||
Content | Social influence/actual vs. perceived social norms | No | No | ||
Content | Social competence | No | No | ||
Content | Parenting skills | No | Optional | ||
Content | Normative beliefs | No | No | ||
Content | Leadership | No | No | ||
Content | Gender roles | No | No | ||
Content | Gender identity | No | No | ||
Content | Cultural values | No | No | ||
Content | Connections with trusted adults | No | No | ||
Content | Conflict resolution/social problem solving | No | No | ||
Content | Communication skills | No | No | ||
Content | Child development | No | No | ||
Content | Boundary setting/refusal skills | No | No | ||
Content | Substance use cessation | No | No | ||
Content | Substance use - Other drugs | No | No | ||
Content | Substance use - Alcohol | No | No | ||
Content | Brain development and substance use | No | No | ||
Content | Vocational/skills training | No | Optional | ||
Content | Supplemental academic services | No | No | ||
Content | School engagement | No | Optional | ||
Content | Graduating from high school | No | Optional | ||
Content | College preparation | No | Optional | ||
Content | Alternative schooling | No | No | ||
Content | Self-regulation | No | Optional | ||
Content | Self-esteem | No | No | ||
Content | Self-efficacy/empowerment | Yes | Yes (both versions) | All 18 sessions | |
Content | Sexual orientation | No | No | ||
Content | STIs - Vaccination | No | Optional | ||
Content | STIs - Treatment | Yes | Yes (both versions) | ||
Content | STIs - Screening | Yes | Yes (both versions) | ||
Content | STIs - Prevention | Yes | Yes (both versions) | ||
Content | STIs - Information | Yes | Yes (both versions) | ||
Content | Sexual risk reduction | Yes | Yes (both versions) | ||
Content | Sexual risk discontinuation | No | No | ||
Content | Sexual risk avoidance | Yes | Yes (both versions) | ||
Content | Puberty/development | No | Optional | ||
Content | Contraception - Long-acting reversible contraceptives | Yes | Yes (both versions) | ||
Content | Contraception - Other | Yes | Yes (both versions) | ||
Content | Contraception - Pills, patches, rings, and shots | Yes | Yes (both versions) | ||
Content | Maternal health | Yes | Yes (both versions) |
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- Motivational interviewing: 18 monthly one-on-one home and telephone motivational interviewing sessions with a nurse educator focusing on birth spacing and preventing repeat pregnancy, birth control methods and misconceptions about the methods, and future planning for achieving birth control and spacing goals.
- Access to contraception: T.O.P.P. improves access to contraception by offering access to a T.O.P.P. clinic, transportation services, and/or in-person discussion about and distribution of contraceptives.
- Assessment and referrals by a social worker: T.O.P.P. provides participants access to a social worker who, based on initial psychosocial assessments and case management, can refer participants to services. The theory behind these service referrals is that addressing other barriers that teen mothers face, such as poverty, trauma, and homelessness, will ultimately help them adhere to a birth control regimen.
Follow-up telephone calls provide an opportunity to provide further information on contraceptives, help participants identify and schedule appointments with their OB/GYN or other medical provider, debrief about the participants’ appointments, and problem-solve barriers to consistent and continued birth control use. The calls also provide a forum for the educators to address supportive service needs participants may face, and refer them to the T.O.P.P. social worker for additional support, as needed. Participants may also access birth control through the T.O.P.P. Clinic if they cannot get into their clinic or medical home. Nurses also provide in home Depo Provera shots.
For training and support, please contact:
Robyn Lutz
Project director
Ph: 614-566-9085
Email: Robyn.Lutz@ohiohealth.com
Evidence by Outcome Domain and Study
Citation | Details |
---|---|
Smith, Kim, et al. Interim Impacts of the Teen Options to Prevent Pregnancy Program. Mathematica Policy Research, Princeton, NJ: 2015a. Rotz, Dana, Dara Lee Luca, Brian Goesling, Elizabeth Cook, Kelly Murphy, and Jack Stevens. "Final Impacts of the Teen Options to Prevent Pregnancy Program." Cambridge, MA: Mathematica Policy Research, July 2016a. Stevens, J., Lutz, R., Osuagwu, N., Rotz, D., Goesling, B. (2017). A randomized trial of motivational interviewing and facilitated contraceptive access to prevent rapid repeat pregnancy among adolescent mothers. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 217(4), 423.e1-423.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.06.010 |
The program was evaluated using a randomized controlled trial involving pregnant or recently pregnant young women recruited from seven obstetrics-gynecology clinics and five postpartum units of a large hospital system in a Midwestern city. Participants were randomly assigned to either a treatment group that received the 18-month T.O.P.P. program or a control group that received usual care. Surveys were administered at baseline, mid-intervention (6 months after enrollment), and immediately after the end of the intervention (18 months after enrollment). |